Roman law within the days of the Roman Republic and Empire was heavily procedural, and lacked an expert authorized class. Decisions were not revealed in any systematic method, so any case law that developed was disguised and almost unrecognised. Each case was to be determined afresh from the legal guidelines of the State, which mirrors the unimportance of judges’ decisions for future circumstances in civil law systems today.
Most executives in both systems are answerable for foreign relations, the navy and police, and the bureaucracy. Ministers or other officers head a rustic’s public offices, similar to a international ministry or…